The intersection between logical empiricism and qualitative nursing research: a post-structuralist analysis.

PURPOSE: To shed light on and analyse the intersection between logical empiricism and qualitative nursing research, and to emphasize a post-structuralist critique to traditional methodological constraints. METHODS: In this study, a critical examination is conducted through a post-structuralist lens, evaluating entrenched methodologies within nursing research. This approach facilitates a nuanced exploration of the intersection between logical empiricism and qualitative nursing research, challenging traditional methodological paradigms. RESULTS: The article focusing on the "what abouts" of sample size, analytic framework, data source, data analysis, and rigour and methodological considerations, challenging the predominance of semi-structured interviews and the reliance on spoken voice as primary data sources, and re-evaluating the conventional notion of "rigour". CONCLUSIONS: I advocate for a shift from qualitative positivism towards more interpretive and post-qualitative inquiries, this work proposes new trajectories through interpretive, critical, post-qualitative, and artistic turns in nursing research, aiming to transcend positivist limitations and foster a plurality of perspectives and research as praxis. Implications emphasize the need for nursing researchers to expand methodological horizons, incorporating visual and artistic methods to enrich understanding and representation of health experiences, moving beyond positivist norms towards a more inclusive and ethically sound research paradigm.

The Evolution of Phenomenology in Korean Nursing Research: A Scoping Review.

PURPOSE: Phenomenological methods are used to capture human experience, and nursing research has long attempted phenomenological approaches in many studies. This study explored the 22-year trends (2001- 2022) in phenomenological research within Korean nursing science and identified the types of journals where research is published, common phenomenological data analysis methods, phenomena of interest, and standards of rigor applied to phenomenological studies. METHODS: This scoping review followed the six stages recommended by Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) and utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) for reporting guidance. A total of 4,354 articles acquired through systematic searches across seven search engines PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korea Citation Index (KCI), Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), and Korean studies Information Service System (KISS) were reviewed. Key search terms and inclusion and exclusion criteria were used as strategies to identify relevant articles. RESULTS: In the final review, 568 Korean phenomenological studies were included. Among the phenomenology research, 50.4% of the total work was performed between 2016 and 2020, and the Colaizzi method of study was the most common (62.9%). Most researchers were published in nursing journals (55.8%). Nurses constituted the majority of participants (24.5%), followed by people living with illnesses (23.1%) and people of all ages. The primary focus included participants' experiences: the disease experience of the sick, the job-related experience of the nurses, and the learning-related experience of the nursing students. The median sample size of reviewed papers (i.e., 9) is relevant to phenomenological research saturation. The most rigorous studies applied Lincoln and Guba's criteria (54.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Advancing phenomenological research in nursing entails giving priority to diverse perspectives, rigor, and the foundational essence of phenomenology. Ensuring transparency and reliability requires reinforcing rigor through the integration of phenomenology, philosophy, and effective data analysis methods.

An Integrative Review of Response Rates in Nursing Research Utilizing Online Surveys.

BACKGROUND: Online surveys in nursing research have both advantages and disadvantages. Reaching a sample and attaining an appropriate response rate is an ongoing challenge and necessitates careful consideration when designing a nursing research study using an online survey approach. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to explore response rates and survey characteristics of studies by nurse researchers that used online methodologies to survey nurses, nursing students, and nursing faculty. METHODS: We conducted an integrative review of research studies that used online surveys for data collection published from 2011 to 2021. We examined response rates and survey characteristics such as recruitment method, use of incentives, question type, length of survey, time to complete the survey, and use of reminders. RESULTS: Our review included 51 studies published by nurses with target samples of nurses, nursing students, or nursing faculty. Study sample sizes ranged from 48 to 29,283, the number of respondents ranged from 29 to 3,607, and the response rates ranged from 3.4% to 98%, with an average of 42.46%. Few patterns emerged regarding recruitment or other factors to enhance response rates; only five studies used incentives. CONCLUSION: Response rates to online surveys are unlikely to reach the rates seen in older mailed surveys. Researchers need to design online survey studies to be easily accessible, concise, and appealing to participants.

Big Data in Oncology Nursing Research: State of the Science.

OBJECTIVE: To review the state of oncology nursing science as it pertains to big data. The authors aim to define and characterize big data, describe key considerations for accessing and analyzing big data, provide examples of analyses of big data in oncology nursing science, and highlight ethical considerations related to the collection and analysis of big data. DATA SOURCES: Peer-reviewed articles published by investigators specializing in oncology, nursing, and related disciplines. CONCLUSION: Big data is defined as data that are high in volume, velocity, and variety. To date, oncology nurse scientists have used big data to predict patient outcomes from clinician notes, identify distinct symptom phenotypes, and identify predictors of chemotherapy toxicity, among other applications. Although the emergence of big data and advances in computational methods provide new and exciting opportunities to advance oncology nursing science, several challenges are associated with accessing and using big data. Data security, research participant privacy, and the underrepresentation of minoritized individuals in big data are important concerns. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: With their unique focus on the interplay between the whole person, the environment, and health, nurses bring an indispensable perspective to the interpretation and application of big data research findings. Given the increasing ubiquity of passive data collection, all nurses should be taught the definition, characteristics, applications, and limitations of big data. Nurses who are trained in big data and advanced computational methods will be poised to contribute to guidelines and policies that preserve the rights of human research participants.

Challenges and opportunities faced by nurse scientists in integrating data and technology in research to promote health equity.

Advances in technologies including omics, apps, imaging, sensors, and big data are increasingly being integrated into research by nurse scientists, but the impact on improving health equity is still unclear. In this article, nursing research faculty from one institution discuss challenges and opportunities experienced when integrating various technologies into their research aimed at promoting health equity. Using exemplars from faculty experiences, a three-pronged approach to keeping patients and communities and the goal of health equity central in research while incorporating advancing technologies is described. This approach includes establishing long-term engagement with populations underrepresented in research, adopting strategies to increase diversity in study participant recruitment, and training and collaboration among a diverse workforce of educators, clinicians, and researchers. Training nurse scientists in integrating data and technology for advancing the science on health equity will shift the culture of how we understand, collaborate, and grow with the communities in which we train and practice as nurse scientists.

Philosophical underpinnings of intersubjectivity and its significance to phenomenological research: A discussion paper.

Intersubjectivity is the proposition that human experience occurs in a world of shared and embodied understandings, mediated by culture and language. Nursing is fundamentally relational, and nursing research stems from an exchange between participants and researchers and indeed around the transaction of the patient and the nurse in the intersubjective space of clinical settings. Through the philosophical standpoints of Husserl, Merleau-Ponty, Heidegger, and Gadamer we examine these differing philosophical constructs of intersubjectivity and the contribution of these positions to phenomenological nursing inquiry. Particular framings of intersubjectivity should influence the way researchers interact with their participants and data so that the chosen philosophy sits coherently within a research plan and methodology. This exploration of philosophical standpoints is extended through examples of, and reflections upon, the authors' experiences of intersubjectivity in our published phenomenological nursing studies and through dynamic interactions that characterise interpretive activities within a research team.

Theory utilization in applied qualitative nursing research.

AIMS: To explore the nuances of theory utilization in qualitative methodologies, discuss the different relationships that applied qualitative methodologies have with theory and use the foundational underpinnings of interpretive description to challenge strongly entrenched ideas of theory that have extended into applied qualitative nursing research. DESIGN: Methodology discussion paper. DATA SOURCES: Narrative literature review and personal observations. CONCLUSION: Many qualitative research traditions have viewed the use of an explicit theoretical framework as an integral grounding for qualitative research studies. Much of the discussion of theory in extant qualitative methodological literature focuses on its use in the context of traditional methodologies such as ethnography, phenomenology and grounded theory, with less attention on methodological approaches developed for applied and practice disciplines such as nursing. Uncritical adoption of ideas about theory based on traditional qualitative methodological conventions can result in findings with little utility for application to the practice context. IMPACT: Nursing researchers should think critically about how theory is used in research endeavours geared towards applied practice and ensure that their methodological choices are in alignment with their philosophical and disciplinary epistemological positionings.

Examining characteristics of descriptive phenomenological nursing studies: A scoping review.

AIM: To evaluate the characteristics and methodology consistency in nursing research with descriptive phenomenological design. DESIGN: Scoping review methodology. DATA SOURCES: Three electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, PubMed) were systematically searched for qualitative studies with a descriptive phenomenological design published in nursing journals between January 2021 and December 2021. REVIEW METHODS: Quality appraisal of each study was conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Data were extracted and presented narratively based on research objective, design justification and consistency, theoretical framework, sampling method and sample size, data collection method, data analysis approach and presentation of findings. RESULTS: One hundred and three studies were included in the review. Overall, the characteristics of the studies are mostly consistent with Husserl's phenomenology approach in terms of research objectives, the use of other theoretical frameworks, sampling and data collection methods. However, the findings revealed several inconsistencies between research design and data analysis techniques, the lack of design justification and the lack of mention of bracketing. CONCLUSIONS: Apart from the need for more research and standardized guidelines to clarify the various qualitative research methods, future nurse researchers are urged to provide more methodological details when publishing a descriptive phenomenological study so that readers can examine the effectiveness and quality of the method.

Producción científica de directivos de la carrera de enfermería en universidades peruanas / Scientific Production of the Nursing Major's Managment Personal from Peruvian Universities

Introducción: La producción científica de los directivos de una carrera profesional es importante, pues su aporte a la generación de conocimientos puede ser una referencia y motivación para los estudiantes que dirige. Objetivo: Describir la producción científica de los directivos de la carrera de enfermería de universidades peruanas. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y bibliométrico realizado en Perú durante el año 2020. Se hizo una búsqueda y análisis de la producción científica, en revistas indizadas en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science y Redalyc y las colecciones SciELO y catálogo Latindex de los años 2014 al 2019, correspondiente a directivos de la carrera de enfermería de 42 universidades peruanas estatales y privadas, licenciadas por Superintendencia Nacional de Educación Superior Universitaria. La autenticidad de los directivos fue corroborada a través de Orcid, Google Scholar, CTI Vitae (ex-DINA) y en el Registro Nacional Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica. Para el análisis de datos se usó estadísticos para describir proporciones. Resultados: Fueron identificados42 directivos, 17 cuentan con al menos una publicación científica. La media del número de manuscritos publicados fue de 2,32 y el índice H de 0,25. Se identificó que 4 directores publicaron artículos en revistas indizadas en Scopus y uno lo hizo además en Web of Science. Conclusiones: La producción científica de los directivos de la carrera de enfermería es baja. Los artículos publicados en su mayoría son de tipo original(AU)

Introduction: The scientific production of the personnel managing a university major is important, because their contribution to knowledge production can be both a reference and a motivation for the students under their supervision. Objective: To describe the scientific production of the Nursing major's management personnel from Peruvian universities. Methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective and bibliometric study carried out in Peru during the year 2020. A search and analysis was made of the scientific production, in journals indexed in the Scopus, Web of Science and Redalyc databases, as well as in the SciELO collections and the Latindex catalog, from 2014 to 2019, corresponding to the personnel managing the Nursing major at 42 Peruvian state and private universities, accredited by the National Superintendence of University Higher Education. The authenticity of the management personnel was corroborated through Orcid, Google Scholar, CTI Vitae (ex-DINA) and the National Scientific, Technological and Technological Innovation Registry. For data analysis, statistics were used to describe proportions. Results: Forty-two managers were identified, seventeen of which have at least one scientific publication. The mean number of published manuscripts was 2.32 and the H index was 0.25. Four managers were identified to publish articles in journals indexed in Scopus and one did so, in addition, in Web of Science. Conclusions: The scientific production of the Nursing major's managment personnel is low. Most of the published articles are original(AU)

Relación entre habilidades investigativas y gestión en salud en enfermeras de la Red de Salud Arequipa-Caylloma / Relationship between Research Skills and Health Management in Nurses from Arequipa-Caylloma Health Network

Introducción: Es necesario que las enfermeras tengan habilidades investigativas para resolver problemas y necesidades en la gestión de salud. Objetivo: Identificar la relación existente entre las habilidades investigativas y la gestión en salud en las enfermeras de la Red de Salud Arequipa-Caylloma. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, de corte transversal, en la Red Arequipa - Caylloma en Arequipa, Perú durante el año 2017. El universo de estudio quedó constituido por 153 profesionales de enfermería, con la aplicación de la fórmula de población finita para variable cualitativa, mediante muestreo aleatorio simple se obtuvo una muestra de 90 enfermeras. Las variables de estudio fueron habilidades investigativas y Gestión de salud en enfermería. Para obtener la información la investigadora utilizó dos cuestionarios. Para el análisis distribuciones de frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes, para la asociación de variables el χ² con una significación de p < 0.05. Resultados: Predominaron las enfermeras con nivel regular de habilidades investigativas (47,77 por ciento) y de gestión en salud (45,55 por ciento), con el estadístico no paramétrico el χ² se encontró asociación significativa (p = 0,001) entre las variables habilidades investigativas y la gestión de salud. Conclusión: Aunque predominaron los niveles regulares de gestión y de habilidades investigativas en enfermeras de la Red de Salud Arequipa Caylloma, se encontró relación significativa entre las variables habilidades investigativas y la gestión en salud(AU)

Introduction: It is necessary for nurses to have research skills to solve problems and needs in health management. Objective: To identify the relationship between research skills and health management in nurses from Arequipa-Caylloma Health Network. Methods: Descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study carried out, during the year 2017, with the Arequipa-Caylloma Network in Arequipa, Peru. The study universe was made up of 153 nursing professionals, with the application of the finite population formula for qualitative variable. By simple random sampling, a sample of ninety nurses was obtained. The study variables were research skills and nursing health management. To obtain the information, the researcher used two questionnaires. For the analysis of absolute frequency distributions and percentages, as well as for the association of variables, the chi-square test was used, with a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: Nurses with a regular level of investigative skills (47.77 percent) and health management skills (45.55 percent) predominated. The nonparametric statistic chi-square test permitted to find a significant association (P = 0.001) between the variables of investigative skills and health management. Conclusion: Although regular levels of management and research skills predominated in nurses from Arequipa-Caylloma Health Network, a significant relationship was found between the variables of research skills and health management(AU)

Forensic Nursing Research: The Basics Explained.

ABSTRACT: As a growing profession, forensic nursing requires research to establish best practice guidelines leading to evidence-based practice. In addition, forensic nursing quality improvement projects are necessary to evaluate and improve practices and policies. The purpose of this article is to provide step-by-step guidelines on research and quality improvement projects to encourage all forensic nurses to actively contribute to and utilize research in practice. Research will expand our forensic nursing science and knowledge base. Ultimately, forensic nursing research will benefit our patients and communities by establishing enhanced, evidence-based care.

Model Setting and Interpretation of Results in Research Using Structural Equation Modeling: A Checklist with Guiding Questions for Reporting.

PURPOSE: This study develops a checklist with guidelines for the methods and important factors to consider in research using structural equation modeling (SEM). METHOD: The paper discusses the factors to consider in the process across the three stages of 1) model setting, 2) model evaluation and modification, and 3) interpretation and reporting of SEM-based studies. RESULTS: The authors present a checklist for researchers during the stages of model setting, model evaluation and modification, result analysis, and reporting, along with examples of figures and tables with explanations. CONCLUSION: A checklist will help to improve the reporting quality of SEM-based studies.

Predictive Ability of an Illness Severity Measure: Implications for Nursing Research.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Illness severity among children with life-limiting illnesses is measured with the pediatric complex chronic conditions (CCC) measure. Developed in 2000/2001, it was revised in 2014 to include infant-specific categories. METHODS: Discrimination, calibration, accuracy, and validation tests were used to examine the predictive performance of the measures. RESULTS: Among the 10,175 infants in the analysis, both measures poorly discriminated-palliative care consultation (C-statistics 0.6396 vs. C-statistics 0.5905) and any inpatient procedure (C-statistics 0.6101 vs. C-statistics 0.5160). The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit tests revealed good calibration for both measures. The original measure was more accurate in predicting end-of-life outcomes-palliative care consultation (Brier Score 0.3892 vs. 0.7787) and any inpatient procedures (Brier Score 0.3115 vs. 0.4738). CONCLUSIONS: The revised measure did not perform any better than the original in predicting end-of-life outcomes among infants.

Practice-informed guidance for undertaking remotely delivered mental health research.

BACKGROUND: The assessment and monitoring of health conditions using remote or online delivery is an emerging interest in healthcare systems globally but is not routinely used in mental health research. There is a growing need to offer remotely delivered appointments in mental health research. There is a lack of practical guidance about how nurse researchers can undertake remote research appointments ethically and safely, while maintaining the scientific integrity of the research. AIM: To provide mental health nurse researchers with information about important issues to consider when assessing the appropriateness of remotely delivered research and methods to support the development of a supportive research relationship. DISCUSSION: The practice guidance and checklist include issues a nurse researcher should consider when assessing suitability and eligibility for remotely delivered research visits, such as ethical considerations and arrangements, safety, communication, and identifying participants requiring further support. This article addresses processes to follow for assessing mental capacity, obtaining informed consent and collaboratively completing research measures. CONCLUSION: Remotely delivered research appointments could be acceptable and efficient ways to obtain informed consent and collect data. Additional checks need to be in place to identify and escalate concerns about safeguarding or risks. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Practical guidance for mental health nurse researchers when determining the appropriateness of remote research visits for participants, and an adaptable checklist for undertaking remote research appointments are outlined.

Using Twitter for Nursing Research: A Tweet Analysis on Heat Illness and Health.

AIM: To provide an example of a tweet analysis for nurse researchers using Twitter in their research. DESIGN: A content analysis using tweets about "heat illness + health." METHODS: Tweets were pulled from Twitter's application programming interface with premium access using Postman and the key words "heat illness + health." All data cleaning and analysis was performed in R Version 3.5.2, and the tweet set was analyzed for term frequency, sentiment, and topic modeling. Principal R packages included LDAvis, tidytext, tm, and zyuzhet. RESULTS: 6,317 tweets were analyzed with a date range of April 6, 2009, to December 30, 2019. The most common terms in the tweets were heat (n = 4,532), illness (n = 4,085), and health (n = 2,257). Sentiment analysis showed that the majority of tweets (55%) had a negative sentiment. Topic modeling showed that there were three topics within the tweet set: increasing impact, prevention and safety, and symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Twitter can be a useful tool for nursing researchers, serving as a viable adjunct to current research methodologies. This practical example has facilitated a deeper understanding of the social media representation of heat illness and health that can be applied to other research. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Twitter serves as a tool for collecting health information for multiple groups, ranging from clinicians and researchers to patients. By utilizing the plethora of data that comes from the platform, we can work towards developing theories and interventions related to numerous health conditions and phenomena.

A practical guide to the systematic application of nominal group technique.

BACKGROUND: Nominal group technique (NGT) is a highly structured, commonly used way of exploring areas of interest and developing consensus. However, it is sometimes conflated with focus group methods. AIM: To provide a rationale for selecting NGT as a research method and to examine its systematic application in a doctoral Q-methodology study exploring nursing students' perspectives of preserving dignity in care. DISCUSSION: An outline of NGT is provided, and it is distinguished from focus group methods. As well as providing a step-by-step guide to using NGT, each step is illustrated with its practical application in the study, and the lessons learned concerning the limitations and strengths of NGT in the context of one study are shared. CONCLUSION: When applied systematically, NGT enables nurse researchers to collaborate in a meaningful and engaging way with participants and generate tangible outcomes relatively quickly. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This paper offers practical insight into the use of NGT to explore perceptions and develop consensus.

Consideration of methodological issues when using photo-elicitation in qualitative research.

BACKGROUND: The use of photo-elicitation interviews (PEIs) has increased in popularity across a range of disciplines including healthcare. Although qualitative researchers have embraced PEIs as a creative way to explore people's experiences of their lives and environments, the methodological and practical aspects of using photographs have received little attention in the literature. AIM: To discuss the use of PEI techniques, including sourcing and using photographs. DISCUSSION: The authors discuss definitions of photo-elicitation, and explore the value of and difference between using photographs taken by the researcher and those taken by participants. They consider methodological issues in the context of a small-scale focus group study that used PEIs to explore young women's conceptualisations of teenage and older motherhood. CONCLUSION: Using photographs in research is far more complex than providing participants with cameras or presenting them with photographs. Researchers must be aware of the potential bias in the choice, selection and sequencing of photographs, as well as the methodological considerations associated with PEIs. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This article highlights the value of using photographs in qualitative research and presents some of the methodological issues that nurse researchers need to consider when designing and conducting research using photographs.

Misclassification and measurement error - planning a study and interpreting results.

BACKGROUND: Measurement error must always be considered when planning a research project and interpreting its results. The accuracy of some data collected during a study can often be confidently assured, but more than one measurement or observer is needed to assess exposure and outcomes status in cases where clinical measurement is prone to measurement error. Little attention is paid in nursing research to misclassification and measurement error. Bias is often discussed in nursing research education, but not its potential consequences or measures that can be taken to improve the study's quality. AIM: To present examples of random measurement error - misclassification of a binary outcome - in a continuous exposure and outcomes variable, to address this gap in nurses' research training. DISCUSSION: The article discusses the relationship between exposure and outcome in the absence and presence of measurement error using risk (relative risk) and association using correlation. It provides methods to estimate the true value of these measures of risk and association, when only given the clinical measurements with errors. CONCLUSION: If the assumption of random error holds, attenuation of risk or association towards the null will occur. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Understanding the effect of measurement error including misclassification will enable researchers to interpret the results of their studies, and to take into consideration this potential error when planning and conducting a study.